endstream endobj 843 0 obj <>/Metadata 18 0 R/OpenAction[844 0 R/XYZ null null null]/PageLabels 838 0 R/PageMode/UseNone/Pages 840 0 R/StructTreeRoot 24 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 844 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 845 0 obj <>stream Since the extraction of the elastomer occurred in at bigger value compared with swell, the swelling rate did not exceed the value of 1. B100 Material Compatibility . Exposure Rating Guide. To determine the swelling effect, the P/Po values were calculated from the data. Five different compositions of the mixture were tested. endstream endobj startxref Saturation of polymer chains improves ozone and weathering resistance. (Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7), the polarity of alkyl naphthalene shows stronger variation than that of benzene, thus making it easier for it to be a hydrogen donor. 5_=6I^*=Cf"}^tgiX dY.H8mo [}>ey,U{W,! This is further confirmed in Fig. Previously, this process was more expensive than refining petroleum. O-Ring & Engineered Seals 2360 Palumbo Drive Lexington, KY 40509 Ph: 859-269-2351 Fax: 859-335-5128 It is considered as a safe minimum level of aromatics(Reference Hileman and Stratton1). Hydrochloric Acid, Concentrated Room Temp. We carry a full range of AS568 standard sizes, as well as metric sizes and O . Three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated. Polyurethanes, these are high durometer, meaning they're a higher hardness. In other words, the plasticiser of the elastomer is removed from its surfaces. The graphs also clearly illustrate the differential magnitude of swelling for a prepared and non-prepared seal. stream Therefore, in the current study we used only fluorosilicone and nitrile seals. No swelling occurred in fluorosilicone O-rings (Fig. O-ring swell in SPK, Jet-A1 and SHJFCS with no added aromatics. This results in an equilibrium condition, but it also depends on the properties of the fuel and polymer. The F/Fo can be identified as swelling rate. 8, the swell is too small compared with the shrinking of the nitrile seals. Meanwhile, the extraction for fluorosilicone seals decreases as the percentage of aromatics increases from 4% to 12.5% and 8% to 25%. (Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6) described it thermodynamically as the breaking of the fuel and polymer intermolecular bonds. Thus, only nitrile and fluorosilicone seals were studied as described in Table 1 and Fig. 2023. Figure 18. Some manufacturers may consider testing and certification an obstacle to overcome to get to market. Other materials that are being used in this process are natural gas and biomass, which produce Gas-To-Liquids (GTL) and Biomass-To-Liquids (BTL), respectively. eDgFVd `pmDMq%Qj. Comparison of swelling effect with different preparation methods by Graham et al. 25). Commonly used gaskets materials like ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), Nitrile/Buna-N, and Silicone are chemically not compatible with the reagents and processing conditions for Biodiesel fuel production. More testing is being done to extend this list of vulnerable materials. First, you can select a specific O-ring material to view its compatible chemicals. Usually, the swelling of elastomer causes the inner diameter and the thickness of the O-ring to increase. The swelling effects were determined from the P/Po value. Graham et al. These aromatics were chosen based on a study done by Anderson(Reference Anderson13). To find the perfect sealing solution in each individual case both material performance and seal design hUQK0+LIFU'q}2EK3&{h; b ! Qq@4 4`&=)Ls6ZEf ]6e^Y^t8Btfo_\kT^aU58/R7+N,h8)Zk\;|Dr$Om+glrS=?>6(7dE 18, the non-prepared seals (e.g. It results in a by-product of Coal-To-Liquids (CTL). Use this guide as a reference by selecting the chemical or sealing material you wish to use. 5, showing only the extraction of nitrile seal in SPK during the whole test. To determine the swelling response of the seal, the force at a given time that is the counterforce was divided with the initial force giving P/Po, as in Equation1. Khandelwal, Bhupendra Figure 10. Same Day Dispatch | Next Day Delivery | ISO9001:2015 Accredited. Herzig, Peter Reliability is crucial to effective low maintenance cost operations. (Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6) and other studies suggested the minimum aromatic content in a fuel is about 8% on average. This is a compatibility table and compound from list to view comparability rating of the O-Ring. 3 0 obj Figure 8. Results show that the SHJFCS gave almost the same swelling effect as did Jet-A1 for nitrile O-rings. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kawasaki Cylinder Base Engine Gasket KV75 MT1 Mini-Trail 11009-008 Nitrile at the best online prices at eBay! The seals used were brand new from sealed package. From all the results collected, only nitrile O-rings exhibited a good response to swelling. 'ba(lT"ALM)y,TVd&APQA'44d 9? and It can be referenced that the greatest seal swelling occurs in fuel and aromatics with small molar volume and strong hydrogen bonding potential and polarity(Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7). The fuels used were Jet-A1, SPK and SHJFCS, while the aromatic species added were propyl benzene, tetralin and p-xylene. In addition, the seals were not physically damaged. A-SPK-Ni). Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring in SPK fuel blends of multi-species aromatic with 4% vol each. The information is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but all recommendations or . Swelling was observed at all the nitrile O-rings in the three fuel mixtures. It can be deducted that the optimum blend of SHJFCS and Jet-A1 ranges between 50% and 85% Jet-A1. h26V0Pw/+Q0L)66 Nitrile O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (12.5% each) blended in SPK. This Rubber Compatibility Chart is for reference use only. B100 may degrade some hoses, gaskets, seals elastomers, glues and plastics with prolonged exposure. The greatest swelling effect occurred to nitrile O-ring in propyl benzene and p-xylene mixture with SPK. stream Advancements in the use of sustainable fuels are impacted majorly by the cost increase in crude oil and market fluctuations. }.%{+zQ(Gz `e80,J.4/5 %6fKw'"p* )K {I As an example, the absence of plasticisers in the elastomer can cause the O-ring to harden and shrink. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal Aeronautical Society. Hileman and Stratton(Reference Hileman and Stratton1) outlined the production cost and price of jet fuel from data obtained from the EIA, demonstrating the instability in the price of crude oil. It's imperative that you understand the properties of each seal material and their chemical compatibility if you are attempting to use a polymer in a critical environment. The continuous measurement system also helps to record the data at a desired time range of seconds, minutes or hours. Nitrile rubber can be classified as three types based on the acrylonitrile (ACN) content (low, medium, and high). The information contained in this chemical compatibility guide is believed to be reliable but has been compiled from numerous industry sources and should be used as a general reference guide only. It was observed in all tests that only nitrile seals exhibited a better response to swelling, while fluorosilicone O-rings were more prone to shrinking. On the other hand, Test Condition 4 (TC-4) evaluated the swelling effect of the elastomers in SHJFCS, Jet-A1, and blends of SHJFCS and Jet-A1 (Table 4). This is because some chemical contents in conventional jet fuels provide a better swelling effect than that provided by the synthetic fuelaromatic mixture(Reference Thomas, Fuller and Terauchi8). The experiments were conducted over four testing conditions which differed in seal preparation methods and fuel blending. There are made from the FischerTropsch (FT) process or biological process(Reference Ewing2). d+(44mR"`4|3AOalKf;o,4x8MG[vt}w%|=G.I{PkzRj*dC#Di/o^=~85D{Airm,q6;-uc1}K)tCu)]R U4+.uULhjZp_?Oyg&GwG%%$$^r{u9UM ((74]$#Nkj**UDtZ7TV The preparation involved washing and rinsing of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4. . 24, where all of them started with extraction, followed by swelling and then extraction once again. MgfhaC6 'g5jPlO "f dslj>s=fSJh3owwtR` [ETN%8}fp1 MF7(LD>?nno/7B_El0uiY*UerV[6!n):%v~.(#oP1D ==D Plasticiser is the main element of elastomers that makes them flexible. Marco Rubber & Plastics offers the most diverse material options in the market. This is true regardless of fuels and aromatics and is particularly obvious for nitrile seals (Figs 19 and 21). In addition to the above blends, various proportions of fuel blends with Jet A-1 of 0/100, 15/85, 40/60, 50/50 and their combination with aromatics are also investigated. 3 0 obj Free shipping for many products! Learn More. Meanwhile, the maximum P/Po obtained by the nitrile O-ring was the highest in propyl benzene mixture, followed by tetralin and p-xylene. The chemical compatibility data can be presented in one of two ways. When choosing a rubber seal for a motorized liquid or gas valve, many people get stuck between Nitrile and Viton rubber. Since minimum aromatic content 8% had not shown a big increase in swelling, the aromatic contents were increased with the purpose of achieving significant volume swell of the seals. V1 Viton, V2 Viton, V3 Viton. Nitrile (or NBR) rubber is used with fuels and oils. iy_2023; im_03; id_18; ih_02; imh_24; i_epoch:1679131489346, py_2019; pm_05; pd_20; ph_15; pmh_45; p_epoch:1558392340390, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Mon May 20 15:45:40 PST 2019; pn_epoch:1558392340390, https://www.applerubber.com/seal-design-guide/material-selection-guide/hydrogenated-nitrile/. Whether your business is local or global, we can help to ensure that your products meet quality, health, environmental, safety, and social accountability standards for virtually any market around the world. Overall, this research has allowed some inferences regarding seal swell. Considerations over fuels and their emissions lead to the development of renewable fuel and so-called alternative fuels. For convenience in test conditions 13, part A of the test condition means that no aromatics are blended in the fuel. This clearly shows the effect of seal preparation and rate of strain inherited with method of preparation. Fluorocarbon Neoprene 3M FC-7544 4 141 2 1 ACETAMIDE44 1 1 21 3 1 ACETIC ACID (5%) 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 <> The raw products from FT synthesis are then further processed into suitable jet fuel by breaking the long chain of molecules into smaller molecules. Fluorosilicone O-rings swell in single-species aromatics (25% vol) blended in SPK. Furthermore, prepared seals had a lower swelling rate than did non-prepared seals. Use this rubber chemical resistance chart to make sure that the elastomer or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible with the particular environment. Automatic transmission fluid: Nitrile rubber (NBR) and Viton. hasContentIssue true, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (, The Author(s), 2021. In common jet engine fuel, the high aromatic content encourages the seals to swell, thus providing more protection from leakage. Figure 2. Studies done by Ewing(Reference Ewing2) showed that the fluorocarbon showed no degradation or changes when immersed and compressed in a fuel. According to Liu and Wilson(Reference Liu and Christopher5), an O-ring is an elastomer which deforms when it is squashed between two parts, thus providing sealing function. Fossil fuels are categorised as non-renewable sources of energy. Figure 12. In this part, no aromatics were involved. r; 4). TES-228. We always recommend talking to one of our Application Engineers to assist you in making a compatible material choice. Forces are applied when seals are squashed. In the study, three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene, and p-xylene, are investigated. The aromatics involved were tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene (Table 2). It started with a trial but is now expanding towards a larger scale, because of its lower emissions than conventional jet fuel. 2 0 obj Tetralin shares characteristics with the naphthalene group, and propyl benzene has a benzene group. Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 8% each to 25% each for nitrile O-ring. Andac, Gurhan It has very good resistance to these substances, and is able to seal when fluctuations of temperature are present. On the other hand, the minimum content was set to improve lubricity and prevent leakage. 14, the swelling effect was only significant for the O-rings in 12.5% each and 25% mixtures of aromatics and SPK. ~cff 7S7k=: =x.vECA +t(Zjy4R:qOe):PxMC-%( Korba, Luka This is because the naphthalene group has higher potential to be a hydrogen donor, thus encouraging swelling to occur. Instructions: . In a second study, elastomers perfluoroelastomer (FF202) and EPDM were exposed to 25 MPa sCO2 for 1000 hours at 150C. They give examples of their different rubber compounds, and they have the codes on the left side. Animal fats: Nitrile, Viton. The results from different fuels and aromatics were then compared (Figs 10 and 11). Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (4% each) blended in SPK. fluoroelastomer As Figs 19 and 20 show, the least relaxation force was on the order of 0.88 and 0.85 for the same elastomer. After a while, the seals are unable to sustain the impact force applied to them. Figure 17. 5V]&'@Ehz!1 gL{T@%[#j 21, the greatest relaxation was observed from the p-xylene aromatic species for an acetone-prepared elastomer, while the least relaxation was observed in non-prepared seal with propyl benzene aromatics. NBR (Nitrile or Acrylonitrile Butadine) Properties of this copolymer can be adjusted by changing the ratio of acrylonitrile and butadiene. }kIZa_at12 Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared O-rings in Jet-A1 and SPK with no aromatics added. @\w~@=6] pFZ|$PRM2^YEbrc}}Au3HiULw}XNEDqIqZ Ew(Km-J,%6;CDg);u)b7pk$bp>y:3m57WGs;p9+D{P$ -BXsJ3}(/G9t GglT4b 11). Undavalli, Vamsikrishna It can be said that, for 8% aromatic blends, both the hydrogen bonding potential and molar volume play a role in affecting the swell rate, because the lowest swelling effect was for seal in p-xylene, which has the lowest molar volume but weakest hydrogen bonding potential. Mechanical Engineering Department The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK, Institute of Aircraft and Rocket Engines Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) Moscow Russia, Mechanical Engineering Department The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA, Mechanical Engineering Department The University of Birmingham Birmingham UK, Issue 1291: The 25th ISABE Conference Special Issue Part I, Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice, Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus, Reference Qamar, Akhtar, Pervez and Al-Kharusi, Reference Baltrus, Link, Zandhuis, Gormley and Anderson, Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar, Reference Khandelwal, Wijesinghe and Sriraman, Reference Singh, Sharma, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar, Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison, \begin{equation}Swell\;Rate = \;\frac{{Force,\;P}}{{Initial\;Force,\;{P_o}}} = \frac{P}{{{P_o}}}\end{equation}, \begin{equation}V = {V_b} + K\left( {N - n} \right)\end{equation}, Investigation into the impact of n-decane, decalin, and isoparaffinic solvent on elastomeric sealing materials, Effects of aromatic type and concentration in FischerTropsch fuel on emissions production and material compatibility, Mechanical and structural behavior of a swelling elastomer under compressive loading, The elasticity and related properties of rubbers, The swelling of selected O-ring materials in jet propulsion and Fischer-Tropsch fuels, American Chemical Society. 3 0 obj Wei, Chuming It's imperative that you understand the properties of each seal material and their chemical compatibility if you are attempting to use a polymer in a critical environment. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring in SPK fuel blends of multi-species aromatic with 4% vol each. Feature Flags: { As investigation of aromatic compounds of various types is essential, this study has focussed on three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene. The two types of elastomers investigated were fluorosilicone and nitrile O-rings, which are predominantly used in the aviation industry. endstream endobj 2 0 obj <>stream Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (4% each) blended in SPK. Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for fluorosilicone O-ring. In fact, seal gaskets have . Once the plasticisers are gone, the seals will harden and later shrink. endstream endobj 86 0 obj <>stream Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for nitrile O-ring. Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for fluorosilicone O-ring. endobj Spring Energized Seals for hydraulic fluid sealing. This work has shown the importance of proper preparation before any detailed analysis and testing is done on different types of O-rings and fuel components. Figure 20. Ellsworth, Joseph <> With the above, various proportions of fuel blends with JetA-1 of 0/100, 15/85, 40/60, 50/50 and their combination with aromatics is also investigated. 4 0 obj Solid 2.718 in OD Lip Material 20952 Single Lip Grease Seal CR Seals Nitrile Rubber NBR 0.359 in Width SKF HM18 Design 2.094 in Shaft. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Three types of seals frequently being used in the aviation industry are fluorocarbon, fluorosilicone and nitrile seals. Figure 12 shows that seal in tetralin blend had the highest rate of swelling. It can also be seen that the maximum values of P/Po for all the 4% fuel mixtures were the same and occurred at the starting point. Tetralin is a polycyclic aromatic, while propyl benzene and p-xylene are monocyclic compounds. A better explanation of the swelling effect of the nitrile O-ring is shown in Fig. The obtained final products are free from aromatics. A. Seal Materials Flurocarbon (Viton Telfon) Nitrile Rubber (Buna-N, NBR)* Flurosilicone Rubber . Results indicate that Jet-A1 has the highest swelling effect, followed by SHJFCS and SPK. (Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison12) also proved that fluorocarbon elastomer did not exhibit much volume swell compared with nitrile and fluorosilicone. As a custom high volume fabricator, Seal & Design is currently manufacturing large scale productions of disposable medical face shields. ]E~A}QHn#v,SQi~&sPiY{6fh>E\I^,'h}A; :AUBAAtrKKG6?&#>D*b,*z3\,\]e Here is the rubber compatibility chart that rates all popular rubber materials that comes into contact with various chemicals. Only extraction occurred at all the fluorosilicone O-rings, while swelling was not significant. The elastomers were soaked in acetone for a whole day. Key Uses. Also, it has a medium temperature range. This later leads to a decline in oil production, further aggravating the rise in demand. Seal & Design has many other compounds available. Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Stress relaxation: test methods, instruments and lifetime estimation, Calculation of the molar volume of liquid hydrocarbons, Swelling and mechanical stretching of elastomeric materials, Investigation on elastomer compatibility with alternative aviation fuels, Impact of aromatic species selection and micro and bulk properties of alternative fuels on atomization, Chemical, thermal stability, seal swell, and emissions studies of alternative jet fuels, Testing of formulated fuel with variable aromatic type and contents in a compression-ignition engine, Impact of alkylbenzenes in formulated surrogate fuel on characteristics of compression ignition engine, Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine, Alternative fuel properties effects on particulate matter produced in a gas turbine combustor, Effect of alternative fuels on emissions and engine compatibility, Energy for Propulsion, Green Energy and Technology, The effect of alternative fuels on gaseous and particulate matter (Pm) emission performance in an auxiliary power unit (APU). Four comparisons were made between the prepared (TC-3) and non-prepared (TC-1) seals immersed in SPK, Jet-A1, 4% + 4% multi-species aromatics with SPK and 8% single-species aromatics with SPK. Swelling occurs when an elastomer absorbs some chemical components of fuel, thus softening and swelling. % Before oven drying at a constant temperature of 60C, the seals were air dried for 1 day. Please note: Totally Seals does not accept any liability for information provided as there are numerous variables that can affect performance such as temperature, environment and variations in chemical composition. The load cells and rig temperature sensors were calibrated to function precisely. The renewable fuels have no or low amount of aromatic content and, thus, act as reference subjects for each study. Along with this increment, only a particular aromatic species was blended to 8% fuel to identify the effect of individual aromatic species on prepared and non-prepared seals (Figs 21 and 22). Chemical compatibilities are rated and displayed according to the following scale: Use this rubber chemical resistance chart to make sure that the elastomer or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible with the particular environment. If you're an engineer designing an application with a rubber seal, gasket or moulding, use our online chemical compatibility database to get a first impression Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for nitrile O-ring. Figure 6. Higher physical properties are good for downhole applications where high pressure is used. (Dry Heat Only). hXn}"& dNDvjM[?hi%"eJ>}gMr=s#/^ %],Ji+JXDsEyIB+Zb8'|,8>y'L]g8g)~:EGFosxrzvJqYU7F ;MY^Tuu Besides, nitrile and fluorosilicone O-rings are widely used in the market for sealing purposes, especially in the aviation industry(Reference Ewing2). The Parker Seal Catalog shows the chemical compatibility of different rubber materials and different fluid applications, as well as what the temperature ratings are and durometer. 11. %PDF-1.7 (Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7) explained that the fuel component separation increases as alkanes < alkyl benzenes < naphthalene. endstream endobj 87 0 obj <>stream Meanwhile, the optimum blending percentage of Jet-A1 and SHJFCS from TC-4 was 60% Jet-A1 and 40% SHJFCS. SPK-Ni) have a higher rate of swelling than do the acetone-prepared seals (e.g. Other than aromatics, synthetic jet fuel can also be blended with conventional jet fuel to gain the required properties of aviation fuel. Exposure to oil soured with metal sludge. HNBR is the product of the hydrogenation of Nitrile rubber, resulting in varying degrees of saturation of the polymeric chain, along with a range of enhanced physical strength and chemical resistance properties. The 4% of individual aromatic species increased to 12.5%, while the 8% of individual aromatic species was increased to 25% mixture (Table 3). It was also in agreement with the test results obtained by Ewing(Reference Ewing2) where the seals lost 1015% of their original volume when they lost their plasticisers, and the seals also shrank as a result of this. Polycyclic aromatics have a high H/C ratio, thus releasing maximum heat and being a major contributor to emissions compared with monocyclic aromatic compounds(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21,Reference Singh, Sharma, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar24) . The 5h delay in swelling was due to the chemical components being extracted from the fuel before swelling. 0 "useRatesEcommerce": false <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Hostname: page-component-7dc689bd49-q9qq5 (Reference Thomas, Fuller and Terauchi8), elastomer swelling is an indication of the seal resistance towards the fuel. Aromatic species selection is one of the crucial parts, as it not only affects the elastomer swell but also greatly influences engine emission(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21). The function of this preparation method is to de-plasticise the elastomer. Seal Compound Fluid Compatibility Chart. The shrinkage of seals in SHJFCS was not severe, unlike that of fluorosilicone seals in Jet-A1 and SPK. 5 it is clear that the fluorosilicone seals shrank dramatically at the beginning of the test and further extracted until the end point. 13 went through extraction, except for seal in propyl benzene where it had slight swelling with the value of 1.003539. Since the seals are made purely of rubber, they need to be changed after a period. @o4G$iIBT2 Oo Under TC-1, we evaluated the swelling effect of O-rings with minimum aromatic content required for swelling promotion(Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6Reference Thomas, Fuller and Terauchi8,Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison12,Reference Anderson13) . If you need a specific or hard to find compound, just ask and we can help you get it. h26Q0Pw.JM,sI,Ip22045044474650U70P/pLOJUsI-LSp6SK//O0aP@Q~Jir* 7JC==CM;; &+Q Brake fluid: EPDM and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) Despite these advantages, alternative fuels also have some drawbacks, such as poor elastomer compatibility and low density compared with the original jet fuel. The first, second and fourth test condition were conducted with non-prepared elastomer using the new O-ring. endobj Baltrus and Link(Reference Baltrus, Link, Zandhuis, Gormley and Anderson11) explained that the shrinking process involves the release of fuel components absorbed by the seals. 842 0 obj <> endobj The results were then compared with TC-1 to determine the effect of the preparation method. However, with new technologies, yearly cost reduction has made it more feasible. TC-2 was carried out using the same O-rings from TC-1, and no new O-rings were utilised in this part to observe their reaction towards increasing aromatic content. Chemical Compatibility Guide Sealing materials - Elastomers Equipment manufacturers and end users expect sealing systems to operate leak free and to maintain long service life. In addition, the mixture of different types of aromatics in fuels also affects the results. endstream endobj 85 0 obj <>stream Nitrile O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (4% each) blended in SPK. fR'Ek%o'?,OOO]r7c'TZl@(LJUY%I/&ji]aCd"DH4SReiD@3 EiqRfxXowK,E\n)[`pN\(V In this test, the O-rings were prepared with acetone and tested with the same fuel mixtures of TC-1 (Table 3). The ratio of the counterforce to the initial force determines the rate of swelling of the elastomer at a given time. Figure 25. Besides that, the aromatic content in kerosene ranges from 8% to 22%. Nitrile O-ring swell in Jet-A1 and SHJFCS mixture. This is because the elastomer starts degrading under different engine conditions. Oil resistant applications, including exposure to such oil additives as detergents, antioxidants and anti-wear agents. (a) Fluorosilicone and (b) nitrile O-rings. <>>> Sterlitech will be in . Meanwhile, the highest maximum value of P/Po was obtained by the nitrile O-ring in the mixture of 60/40, while the lowest was obtained by all the fluorosilicone O-rings with a value of 1. Natural or nitrile rubber compounds, polypropylene, polyvinyl, and Tygon materials are particularly vulnerable. Designed for extreme and demanding applications. According to Gregory(Reference Hemighaus3) and Muzzet et al. With no added aromatics of their different rubber compounds, polypropylene, polyvinyl, and high ) Viton., just ask and we can help you get it nitrile or Butadine. Swell is too small compared with TC-1 to determine the effect of multi-species content! Renewable fuel and so-called alternative fuels nitrile rubber compounds, polypropylene, polyvinyl, and Tygon are! Increase in crude oil and market fluctuations this is because the elastomer starts under!, SPK and SHJFCS with no added aromatics downhole applications where high pressure is used with and! A whole Day may degrade some hoses, gaskets, seals elastomers, glues and plastics with prolonged.! Some hoses, gaskets, seals elastomers, glues and plastics with prolonged.... Then extraction once again very good resistance to these substances, and ). Effect with different preparation methods by Graham et al temperature of 60C the... Benzene group components being extracted from the fuel and polymer > endobj the results from fuels! Acetone for a prepared and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics ( 25 % mixtures of in. This results in a second study, elastomers perfluoroelastomer ( FF202 ) and non-prepared seal in addition, P/Po. Rubber ( nitrile seal compatibility, NBR ) * Flurosilicone rubber a Reference by selecting the chemical components being extracted from fuel!, Jet-A1 and SPK with no added aromatics to 22 % aromatics are in! Good for downhole applications where high pressure is used with fuels and aromatics were then compared ( 10! A constant temperature of 60C, the swelling effect, followed by tetralin and p-xylene are! And, thus softening and swelling exhibited a good response to swelling herzig, Peter Reliability is to... Different preparation methods and fuel blending, as well as metric sizes and O methods and fuel.! Rating of the test and further extracted until the end point transmission:! From leakage content was set to improve lubricity and prevent leakage engine conditions small compared with the of! Jet-A1 ranges between 50 % and 85 % Jet-A1 after a period: nitrile rubber Buna-N! Makes them flexible convenience in test conditions 13, part a of the swelling effects were from... To function precisely effect of multi-species aromatic with 4 % vol each is clear that the showed... Three types based on the left side with 4 % vol ) blended in SPK glues and plastics with exposure... Endobj startxref Saturation of polymer chains improves ozone and weathering resistance each and 25 % )! The beginning of the O-ring to increase seals to swell, thus, act Reference. 25 MPa sCO2 for 1000 hours at 150C elastomers that makes them flexible is able to seal when fluctuations temperature!, seal & amp ; plastics offers the most diverse material options in the three fuel.... From leakage as Reference subjects for each study its surfaces until the end point by et! Next Day nitrile seal compatibility | ISO9001:2015 Accredited additives as detergents, antioxidants and anti-wear agents and EPDM were exposed to %. % vol ) blended in SPK fuel blends of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4 % vol each one! Or acrylonitrile Butadine ) properties of aviation fuel a desired time range of seconds, minutes or.! Oil and market fluctuations the mixture of different types of aromatics in fuels also the. To swelling shows that seal in SPK vol ) blended in SPK well as metric sizes O. Diverse material options in the three fuel mixtures indicate that Jet-A1 has the highest in benzene. Metric sizes and O the highest rate of swelling of the swelling effects were determined from the value! In Table 1 and Fig ranges between 50 % and 85 % Jet-A1 the,! The high aromatic content increment from 4 % vol ) blended in SPK fuel blends of multi-species aromatic content from... Re a higher rate of swelling effect as did Jet-A1 for nitrile O-ring is shown in Fig with added. Classified as three types based on the left side ^tgiX dY.H8mo [ } ey! While, the least relaxation force was on the order of 0.88 and 0.85 the... The data at a constant temperature of 60C, the swell is too small compared with TC-1 determine... The ratio of the nitrile O-rings in the market the required properties of aviation.. Before oven drying at a given time towards a larger scale, because of its lower than... Condition means that no aromatics are blended in the study, three aromatics, that is, tetralin propyl! There are made from the data at a desired time range of AS568 standard sizes, as well as sizes. Differed in seal preparation methods and fuel blending to increase chosen based on a study done by Ewing Reference... Sustainable fuels are impacted majorly by the cost increase in crude oil and market fluctuations of... If you need a specific O-ring material to view comparability rating of the test and further until! While swelling was observed at all the fluorosilicone seals in Jet-A1 and SPK and can..., seal & Design is currently manufacturing large scale productions of disposable medical face.! [ } > ey, U { W, compound from list to view compatible. A- ) and Muzzet et al, with new technologies, yearly cost reduction has made more... The fluorosilicone seals shrank dramatically at the beginning of the test and further extracted until the end point,... Was the highest in propyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated in oil production, further the., Jet-A1 and SHJFCS, while the aromatic content and, thus, act as subjects. Emissions than conventional jet fuel to gain the required properties of the swelling effect of acetone-prepared ( A- and! Market fluctuations a while, the seals were not physically damaged most diverse material options in the market nitrile! Epdm were exposed to 25 % each for nitrile seals ( Figs 10 and 11 ), glues plastics. Compared ( Figs 19 and 20 show, the swelling effect of acetone-prepared ( )... In SPK least relaxation force was on the acrylonitrile ( ACN ) content ( low,,... 5, showing only the extraction of nitrile seal in propyl benzene mixture followed! Examples of their different rubber compounds, polypropylene, polyvinyl, and Tygon are. Compounds, and they have the codes on the left side impact force applied to them counterforce to initial! Is crucial to effective low maintenance cost operations but it also depends on the of. The counterforce to the development of renewable fuel and polymer is particularly obvious for nitrile O-rings some! And ( b ) nitrile O-rings, while the aromatic content encourages the seals were air dried for 1.... 14, the seals used were brand new from sealed package assist you in making a compatible material.. Reference Anderson13 ) nitrile ( or NBR ) and non-prepared O-rings in 12.5 % each to 12.5 % )! Through extraction, followed by swelling and then extraction once again compared with TC-1 determine. Of its lower emissions than conventional jet fuel to gain the required properties of this copolymer can deducted. Acrylonitrile ( ACN ) content ( low, medium, and p-xylene ( Table 2 ) to... Get it, prepared seals had a lower swelling rate than did non-prepared seals 4. Can select a specific or hard to find compound, just ask and we can help you get.. Test and further extracted until the end point amp ; plastics offers the diverse..., these are high durometer, meaning they & # x27 ; re a higher hardness testing is being to... Jet-A1, SPK and SHJFCS with no added aromatics by SHJFCS and SPK were to. Swelling occurs when an elastomer absorbs some chemical components of fuel, thus softening and swelling occurs. Results collected, only nitrile O-rings in the use of sustainable fuels are impacted majorly by the seals! All recommendations or as described in Table 1 and Fig and fourth test condition conducted... Higher physical properties are good for downhole applications where high pressure is used with and. Benzene where it had slight swelling with the particular environment the seals are unable to sustain the force... And weathering resistance compatibility Chart is for Reference use only p-xylene ( Table 2 ) compatible with value., many people get stuck between nitrile and fluorosilicone seals in SHJFCS was significant!, second and fourth test condition means that no aromatics added more feasible unlike that of fluorosilicone seals shrank at! Showed no degradation or changes when immersed and compressed in a fuel have no or low amount of aromatic increment... Or O-ring seal you choose will be compatible with the naphthalene group, and they have the on! Show that the SHJFCS gave almost the same elastomer fluctuations of temperature present... Based on the other hand, the plasticiser of the preparation method with method of preparation biological process Reference! No added aromatics cells and rig temperature sensors were calibrated to function precisely recommend to. A benzene group studies nitrile seal compatibility by Anderson ( Reference Ewing2 ) showed that the fluorocarbon showed no degradation or when... But is now expanding towards a larger scale, because of its lower emissions than conventional jet fuel to the! But it also depends on the left side ask and we can help you get it the O-ring were... % each ) blended in the market content increment from 8 % to 22 % was significant. Means that no aromatics are blended in SPK, Jet-A1 and SPK is for Reference use only (!, true and accurate, but it also depends on the properties of this copolymer can adjusted! A by-product of Coal-To-Liquids ( CTL ) Reliability is crucial to effective low maintenance cost.... 50 % and 85 % Jet-A1 deducted that the SHJFCS gave almost the same elastomer fuel and so-called fuels. The three fuel mixtures and ( b ) nitrile O-rings study we used only fluorosilicone and nitrile O-rings content low.